Hard Times is a Victorian novel, set in the middle of the nineteenth century, which deals with the topical issues of the time. This is often done through a range of characters, through whom; Dickens makes satirical social commentary about the nature of life in an industrial town. He also uses black humour to comment on the different social classes represented in the text. It is a novel which examines and reflects the effects of utilitarianism on both individuals and the community. It takes the form of social realism, but in many ways is a cautionary tale, which aims at arousing our conscience.

The summary notes for Hard Times cover the following key aspects from the text in detail:

• Genre
• Structure
• Historical Issues
• Style
• Background Notes
• Summary
• Character Profiles
• Themes and Issues
• Sample Examination Questions
• Final Examination Tips

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